The Old Town is the most significant and historic area of the entire island of Corfu. With a history that spans centuries, it is considered an architectural marvel that remains remarkably well-preserved to this day. In fact, since 2007, the Old Town of Corfu has been recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, a designation that underscores its cultural and historical value.
A walk through the heart of the Old Town is like stepping back in time. The narrow, winding alleyways, known locally as kantounia, stretch from one end of the town to the other and are reminiscent of Renaissance Venice. These quaint pathways not only highlight the architectural beauty of the town but also create lasting memories for visitors.
One of the defining features of the Old Town is its two historic fortresses: the Old Fortress and the New Fortress. The Old Fortress, constructed in 1545, and the New Fortress, built in 1572, were both designed to protect the town from foreign invasions. For several centuries, these fortifications served as critical defense structures for the people of Corfu. The Old Fortress is particularly notable for its two imposing bastions and the water-filled moat, which transformed the peninsula into a virtual island. Meanwhile, the New Fortress was designed purely for military defense, strengthening the town’s fortifications even further. Today, both serve as iconic landmarks and host cultural events, exhibitions, and historical tours.
Equally important to the city’s historical landscape are its many churches. Among them, the Church of Saint Spyridon stands out as the most famous and revered. Built in 1589, this church houses the relics of Saint Spyridon, the patron saint of Corfu, who is credited with numerous miracles. While the exterior of the building is modest, its interior is richly decorated with stunning frescoes painted by local Corfiot artists. Another notable church is the Metropolitan Cathedral of Corfu, dedicated to the Virgin Mary of Spilaiotissa, Saint Vlasios, and Saint Theodora Augusta. This cathedral was established as the island’s ecclesiastical seat in 1712. Overall, Corfu is home to approximately 35 functioning churches, most of which date back to before the 19th century.
Among the many monuments scattered throughout the Old Town is the Palace of Saints Michael and George. Built in 1824 during British rule, the palace originally served as the residence of the Lord High Commissioner, Sir Thomas Maitland. Later, it was used by the Greek royal family for official state functions. Today, the palace houses the Museum of Asian Art, the only one of its kind in Greece, featuring rare and precious artifacts from China, Japan, and other Asian cultures.
In front of the palace lies the Spianada, a vast green esplanade spanning roughly 42 square kilometers. It is the largest square in the Balkans and one of the largest in Europe. The Venetians originally created it by demolishing 2,000 homes to ensure a clear space for potential battles within the town’s walls. Today, it is a beloved gathering space for locals and tourists alike.
Adjacent to the Spianada is the Liston, a picturesque pedestrian street lined with elegant arcaded buildings. Constructed during the French occupation by the engineer Lesseps, the Liston was modeled after the Rue de Rivoli in Paris and became the social center for Corfu’s aristocracy. At that time, only nobles whose names were recorded in the Libro d’Oro (Golden Book of Nobility) were permitted to stroll there. Now, Liston is a lively destination filled with cafés, restaurants, and bars, offering a taste of local culture and a vibrant atmosphere.
The entire Old Town is dotted with buildings of great historical and architectural importance. Hidden among the alleyways is the old town hall, known as San Giacomo, built in 1691 as a Venetian noblemen’s club. It was later transformed into a theater in 1720 and became the cultural center of the Ionian Islands’ musical school. It was here that Antonio Vivaldi’s opera Juditha Triumphans was first performed, commemorating the successful defense against the Ottoman siege of 1716.
Beyond the monuments and architecture, the Old Town of Corfu offers a wide range of activities. Small beaches tucked beneath the Venetian walls offer a refreshing escape during hot summer days. Traditional fishing boats provide scenic tours around the historic harbor. Whether you enjoy swimming, walking, or photography, there’s something for everyone in this culturally rich destination.
Music plays an essential role in Corfiot life, and the island has a proud musical heritage. This tradition dates back to the Venetian era when opera and classical music were popular forms of entertainment. The British continued this legacy by organizing military parades accompanied by brass bands. When Queen Victoria later prohibited military bands from performing during Orthodox religious ceremonies, local citizens founded their own musical organizations. The Philharmonic Society of Corfu, established in 1840, was the first and most enduring of these institutions. Since then, numerous bands and music schools have been founded, and music remains a beloved pastime for many locals.
Certain holidays and festivals in Corfu are deeply intertwined with this musical tradition. The feast of Saint Spyridon and, most famously, the Easter celebrations feature elaborate musical performances and solemn processions. A distinctive Easter custom is the throwing of clay pots (botides) from balconies on Holy Saturday—a symbolic act believed to drive away evil spirits. This ancient tradition, with roots in Byzantine times, continues to this day with great fervor and joy.
In addition to its musical excellence, Corfu boasts dozens of choirs and cultural associations. These groups play an active role in preserving and promoting the island’s artistic and spiritual values. Through song, dance, and performance, the people of Corfu remain deeply connected to their heritage.
Corfu is a truly unique blend of diverse cultures, traditions, and influences, offering a rich and layered experience to all who visit. Exploring the Old Town is like unlocking a treasure chest of stories, architecture, and heartfelt hospitality. It is a living monument, lovingly preserved by its residents, who strive to protect the timeless charm and romantic soul of their island.